TABLE OF CONTENTS

The Importance of Breastfeeding and Skin-to-Skin Contact

Following birth, mothers should be supported and educated on initiating and maintaining breastfeeding effectively. Early breastfeeding plays a critical role in strengthening the immune system, promoting healthy growth, and fostering emotional bonding between mother and baby.

Skin-to-skin contact, often referred to as the “kangaroo method,” should ideally begin within the first 30 minutes after birth. This practice helps regulate the baby’s body temperature, heart rate, and breathing, while also encouraging successful breastfeeding.

Babies should be breastfed on demand, whenever they show signs of hunger. Frequent feeding supports milk production and ensures adequate nutrition during the newborn period.

Umbilical Cord Care in Newborns

The primary goal of umbilical cord care is to keep the area clean and dry to prevent infection. In healthy newborns, the cord should be left untouched and allowed to dry naturally until it falls off.

Applying antiseptic solutions unnecessarily may increase the risk of irritation or infection. The diaper should be folded below the cord to keep it exposed to air and prevent moisture accumulation.

The cord typically falls off within 7 to 14 days. During this time, the baby can be gently cleaned without soaking the cord. If redness, discharge, bleeding, or a foul odor develops, medical attention should be sought immediately.

Clothing and Ideal Room Temperature for Newborns

Newborns are sensitive to environmental conditions. Clothing and bedding should be soft, breathable, and made of natural fabrics such as cotton to avoid skin irritation.

Clothes treated with chemicals such as mothballs should not be used, as inhalation may cause respiratory complications.

Choose soft, cotton-based clothing
Maintain room temperature between 22–25°C (71.6–77°F)
Wash all clothing before first use
Avoid tight swaddling to prevent hip development issues

Newborn Skin Care and Bathing

The goal of newborn skin care is to maintain cleanliness while preserving the natural moisture barrier of the skin. Bathing should be postponed until the umbilical cord has fallen off to prevent delayed healing.

The first bath is recommended one day after the cord falls off. Bath water should be close to body temperature, approximately 37°C (98.6°F).

If cleansing products are used, they should be pH-neutral, fragrance-free, and suitable for sensitive newborn skin.

In warm climates, bathing can be done daily or every other day
In colder conditions, at least two baths per week are sufficient
If the skin becomes dry, a thin layer of baby-safe moisturizer may be applied

Sleep Position and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Improper sleeping position is one of the most significant risk factors associated with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Research shows that placing babies on their stomach increases the risk, while the safest position is placing them on their back.

Always place babies on their back for sleep
Use a firm mattress with a fitted sheet
Avoid pillows, stuffed toys, and loose bedding
Ensure a smoke-free sleeping environment

Newborn Jaundice

Jaundice occurs in approximately 60% of full-term newborns and up to 80% of premature infants. In most cases, it is physiological and resolves naturally within one to two weeks.

Jaundice typically begins on the face and progresses downward through the body. Increasing severity, poor feeding, or excessive sleepiness may indicate a more serious condition requiring medical evaluation.

Cradle Cap and Diaper Rash Care

Cradle cap is a common condition affecting the scalp of newborns and usually resolves with proper care.

Applying natural oils before bathing may help soften and remove flakes.

Diaper rash prevention focuses on keeping the skin clean and dry.

Change diapers frequently
Clean and dry the diaper area thoroughly
Use zinc oxide-based protective creams if necessary

Eye and Oral Care in Newborns

Mild eye discharge is relatively common in newborns during the first month. However, persistent redness, swelling, or excessive discharge should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.

Routine oral care is not required if the mouth is clean. However, milk residue may occasionally lead to fungal infections, which should be monitored.

Newborn Screening Program and Heel Prick Test

As part of national newborn screening programs, a few drops of blood are taken from the baby’s heel to detect genetic and metabolic disorders at an early stage.

These screenings can identify conditions such as Phenylketonuria (PKU), Congenital Hypothyroidism, Biotinidase Deficiency, Cystic Fibrosis, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA).

If abnormal results are detected, families are informed promptly, and further diagnostic tests are conducted. These screenings are not diagnostic but are essential for early detection and timely intervention.

Conclusion

Meeting a newborn’s needs from the very first moments of life is essential for healthy growth and development. Awareness, proper care practices, and timely medical follow-up contribute significantly to raising healthy future generations.

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Health Library

Newborn Care Guide

Health Library

Newborn Care Guide